Shakespeares Hamlet Research Paper Example

Shakespeares Hamlet Research Paper Example Shakespeares Hamlet Paper Shakespeares Hamlet Paper Essay Topic: Hamlet Shakespeares hamlet is a complex play based on the royal family of Denmark. The king Hamlet dies and his wife Gertrude marries his brother Claudius Prince hamlet is not happy with the wedding and his thoughts are later confirmed when the ghost of his father tells him that he was murdered by Claudius. Hamlet then starts to take revenge which eventually leaves everyone dead. In this essay I will be discussing act 1 scenes 4 and 5 in which the ghost appears, I will be looking at the events within the play that could be held responsible for the onset of hamlets madness or indeed his death. I will consider both sides of the argument and acknowledge wether the appearance of the ghost was the catalyst of hamlets eventual demise. Act 1 scenes 4 starts of with horatio Marcellus and hamlet waiting impatiently for the ghost which Marcellus and horatio have seen it then draws near the season wherein the spirit held his wont to walk this also prove that the ghost is not just hamlets mind in a state of madness as the men witness the ghost before even notifying Hamlet. Horatio states Before my God, I might not this believe without the sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes. Considering stagecraft I would reckon that horatio hamlet and Marcellus would be standing fairly close together whilst having the conversation. The atmosphere would be rather quiet and ominous and the tension would dramatically increase when the ghost enters. Horatio and Marcellus then try to stop hamlet from following the ghost do not my lord however hamlet is determined and explains to them that following the ghost will probably be the only way that he can know his fate and follows the ghost. Hamlets first speech with the ghost show the doubts that exist in his mind about the nature of the ghosts apparition he says Whither wilt thou lead me? Speak Ill go no further. This shows doubt because hamlet was willing to follow the ghost to seek some guidance and answers but hes now feeling unsure that this ghost or apparition may just be an evil spirit and therefore tells the ghost to stop as he will follow no more. Hamlet then beckons the ghost to reveal what discord robbed his fathers peace, the ghost then tells the story of how Claudius his brother poured poison into his ears The ghost urges Hamlet to Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder (Act1 Scene 5 Line25) and informs him that The serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown (Act1 Scene5 Line 38). Considering the views of the audience at this point would be the essential difference between Catholicism and Protestantism the Catholics believe in Purgatory and Protestants do not. The Protestant line is that if you lead a good life and have great faith in Christs ultimate sacrifice, a place in heaven is assured. Catholics though believe that immediately after death there is a period of purification, in Purgatory, before the deceased enters heaven. The opposing views are represented in the play by the Ghost, who comes from Purgatory and must have come back to make right the story of how he died in other words the ghost had unfinished business before he could go to heaven. The Ghost then taunts Hamlet, telling him that it is part of every mans honour to avenge his death. Hamlet then becomes a part of Denmarks foulness and wretchedness when he agrees to avenge his fathers death. This is the beginning of a vicious cycle of hatred, death and revenge that destroys many lives. The ghost then departs leaving hamlet trapped in a dilemma of moral conflict and duty towards the promise he makes to his fathers ghost. Horatio and Marcellus come rushing in on the line my lord my lord! The exclamation mark used at the end of the lines by Shakespeare shows great urgency. The ghost then cries out from under the stage, urging them to swear their secrecy. Obeying the spirits demands, Horatio and Marcellus pledge upon the cross of Hamlets sword that they will never speak a word of what they have seen and heard. Hamlet then tells them that he will pretend to be mad these are but wild and whirling words however Hamlets choice to put on an antic disposition leads to his downfall; it is a tragic error in judgement which destroys his relationship with Ophelia and Gertrude. Is the appearance of the ghost the catalyst for hamlets eventual demise? Hamlet is certainly unhappy about the circumstances from before but his encounter with the ghost adds to his anguish trauma and despair, hamlets character undergoes a serious change after this meeting with his fathers ghost. However the question arises wether this is the only cause of hamlets madness which infact lead to his death. As we already know hamlets grief over the loss of his father was showing signs of consuming him. Some would argue that it was hamlets spontaneous killing of Polonius or maybe his choice of pretending to be mad actually turned him mad I feel that Hamlet has a tragic flaw in his personality and behaviour. His flaw is that he is overly concerned with death and tragedy. This flaw or weakness in Hamlet leads him into a world of chaotic surroundings and madness. Hamlets flaw and his mad personality led to the death of several people, including his mother and the King of Denmark Hamlet is disheartened he ponders thoughts of suicide by his own soliloquy. To be, or not to be; that is the question Hamlets misery, or state of depression, was more easily perceived by an Elizabethan audience than would be by a modern one. Shakespeares use of language generated the drama and tension in hamlet, the lack of special effects which were not available in Shakespeare times were accomplished by his use of language and the effect of writing throughout the play in form of poetry was very efficient. The meanings ideas and hamlets soliloquies were all used by Shakespeare to show hamlets isolation and despair. Shakespeares literary techniques and devices had a great impact on the audience; however compared to now the audience would expect more such as extraordinary devices and distinctive elements. His use of dramatic and emotional vocabulary in Hamlet virtually all the way through arouses the audiences attention and creates an exciting atmosphere. The phrase to be or not to be demonstrates Shakespeares intentions of building up an anxious and tense mood for the audience as they feel highly sympathetic towards the character. Shakespeare later uses the character of Laertes. Who is clearly a remorseless and bitter man in search for revenge for his late fathers death to build up the idea of hamlet as a victim once more.

A Review Of The Battle Of Lz Albany History Essay

A Review Of The Battle Of Lz Albany History Essay The battle in review is LZ Albany. This battle took place during the Vietnam War under Operation Pleiku. LZ Albany was an ambush on American troops en route to landing zone Albany by NVA regulars. The battle took place on the afternoon of November 17, 1965. The fight involved the US Army 2nd battalion of the 7th Cavalry (2/7) and the NVA 8th battalion of the 66th Regiment. Although the end result of the battle is considered an American victory, the losses suffered were horrendous. It is safe to say this was a pyrrhic victory for the US, only due to the fact that they held the ground at Albany at the end of the battle. This did alter the amount of troops the NVA could attack LZ Columbus with as a side effect. The battle itself would teach many lessons to the US army in regards to the importance of security and the role support by fire played in this theatre of combat. The Vietnam War was a civil war in which the United States was actively involved in. The Northern faction of Vietnam adopted Communism, and thus gained Russia and China as allies. Vietnam until this point was a French territory which was in the process of being liberated by the North Vietnamese. They had defeated France and driven them from parts of the country. France and South Vietnam sought aid from the United States. In reply the United States rendered aid and advisors to South Vietnam. This was due to US foreign policy at the time and staunch opposition to Communism by the US government. If Vietnam fell to Communism it also posed a great economic threat to US interests in South Asia as well. By 1965 the US Armed Forces no longer played the role of advisors for the South Vietnamese in the Vietnam conflict. We were at the point of actively engaging the North Vietnamese in combat. (Stewart 386-320) Under Operation Pleiku, US Army divisions were first employed against the North Vietnamese. This is exactly what the North Vietnamese commander Gen. Nguyen Chi Tranh had desired. His main strategy enc ompassed liberating a vast majority of South Vietnam from southern control and inflicting mass casualties on US forces. The idea was that the American public would not support a war in which multitudes of American soldiers lost their lives. His intent was to shatter the American public’s support and thus drive another foreign imposer out of the country. This plan was titled the Dong Xuan Campaign. (Coleman.51) American forces had already been occupying the provincial capital of Pleiku. Frequent attacks and skirmishes by the NVA gave the impression that they were probing for the best possible place to attack to retake the city. This indicated to US commanders that there was a sizable force of enemy soldiers in the Northern plateaus that needed to be dealt with. A series of landing zones were reconnoitered for probable attack positions. The Army’s objective was simple: to destroy the enemy threat in the area and their will to fight. After securing LZ X-ray, it was the jo b of the 2/7 Cavalry to sweep the gap between LZ X-ray and LZ Columbus, which held US artillery. Their mission was also very simple: to sweep the area between LZ Columbus and LZ Albany, and engage whatever enemy they found.

Embryo Gene Activation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Embryo Gene Activation - Essay Example Embryonic genes, which are active prior to the 4-cell stage, are small in number and they code for proteins used in controlling and stabilizing maternal mRNA and proteins. Parental proteins regulated at the post-translational glassy by adjusting the proteins phosphorylation form. Alternatively, these protein states created by the embryonic kinases can stimulate the activities of proteins and change their cell location. For embryo development, change and degradation of maternal mRNA proteins are crucial just before the embryo gene activation. This paper discusses embryo gene activation, DNA repair and the pathways involved in the processes (Lauritzen 240). During the 4-cell phase of embryo gene activation, remodeling of chromatin, which allows transcription of the embryo, and hence synthesizing the translation machinery. The genome of embryos becomes active and starts transcription of metabolic, apoptosis and cell cycle protein regulation (Khanna &Yosef 119). The proteins for maternal mRNAs continuously reduce in the early phases of the 4-cell phase. Signaling pathways for embryonic gene activation example is the hedgehog signaling. The signaling pathway that transfers information to embryonic cells helps for right development. Each part of the embryo can contain different concentrations of these signaling proteins. Not only in embryonic cell development, this kind of pathway has a bigger role in adults and malfunction can cause diseases like, basal cell carcinoma. This signaling pathway is a focus regulator in most animals’ growth (Song & Lee 48). In some other animals, lack of this pathway can lead to poor development of the brain, lungs, and the skeleton. Hedgehog signaling is crucial in regulating the maintenance and regeneration of most adult cells and tissues. Pharmaceutical companies have associated this pathway as a cause of cancer and developed drugs to cure the signaling causing diseases (Polin, William, & Steven 58). Breast cancer susceptibilit y gene 1 (BRCA1) and BRCA2 are genes which suppress tumor and the mutant phenotypes that predispose to both ovarian and breast cancers. These proteins are involved in most cellular processes and contribute DNA repair and regulation in response to the damage of DNA (Ensley 113). BRCA proteins protect the genome from damage by providing maintenance of the stability of chromosomes. The big number of cellular proteins, which interact with the BCRA, propels most functions of the BRCA proteins and their functions linked to different phosphorylation events. Reasons why these proteins cause both ovarian and breast cancer are unknown today (Knobil, Jimmy & Neill 69). These proteins are present in breast cells where they help repair the damaged DNA or destroy the cells in cases where the DNA is unrepaired body (Alpi, Pasierbek, Gartner & Loidl 16). Damaging the BRCA1 by any chance causes the damaged DNA not repaired and this may increase the chances of cancer. Most mammals have complex mechan isms to monitor damage of DNA and the required responses to maintain their integrity and repair. Some of the mechanisms for detection, repair, and cell cycle arrest to prevent damage from gametes or embryo cells (Gordon 670). The repair of the DNA in these newly formed embryos relies on the mRNA proteins from prior ovulation. These repair genes developed in the early stages of the animal development need to be enough to equip the embryo with the maternal products for the gene expression to start at the right

Individual Paper on Accounting Profession Essay

Individual Paper on Accounting Profession - Essay Example There are lots of information assets that have to be protected within the information system of an enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to describe the controls for information technology (IT) reporting and evaluation. One of the most valuable information assets that must be safeguarded is the employee personal files. The law protects the employees and it is the duty of the company to have 100% assurance that this information is not leaked or fall into the wrong hands because the workers could become victims of identity theft. There are two facets to protecting the personal files of employees. The first aspect is the manual paperwork that most companies keep with employee information. Those files cannot be kept in filing cabinets where anyone could have access to them. These files must be kept in a separate room that is locked at all times. The only persons that should have access to the information are the director of human resources and his or her staff. The second aspect of sa feguarding this important information asset is the protection that needs to exist within the computerized information system of the company. The computerized information system of a company must be divided in modules. Each module should be independent of each other. For instance engineers would not have access to the accounting module and vice versa. ... erk with the level of clearance system would be a low level clearance employee which means his access within the accounting module of the information system would be limited to the payable work the person performs for the company. â€Å"Two major reasons why we need to protect information assets are (1) the potential for compromises of such assets, unintentionally or otherwise, and (2) compliance with regulatory requirements concerning information protection and communication (Raval & Fichadia, 2007). There are certain information assets that are so valuable companies that to take extreme measures to protect them. An example of such an asset is patents. Any paper work of a patent should be kept in a safe in the office of the chief executive officer (CEO). The CEO should then decide which employees can be given access to that privilege information. In terms of any digital information concerning patents the system of establishing clearance that gives access to the system is a good way to ensure the information is not leaked into the wrong hands. The top level of clearance within the information system of a company should be given to the CEO and the board of directors. The executive managerial staff would fall to the next level of clearance. The managers or directors of different department would have maximum clearance within their pertinent modules such as accounting, marketing, human resources and engineering, but they would not have full clearance for other modules within the system. It is imperative to avoid compromises of the IT system. An example of a compromise would be the unlawful entrance of a hacker into the information system of the company. If an attack occurs the entire system becomes compromised. At that time the IT department has to take measures to find out

The Effects of Secondary Soil Salinization :: Agriculture Agricultural Essays

Introduction: Irrigation has been used as tool by humans for over 8000 years. Irrigation started in the Nile valley where humans attempted to modify the way that the river seasonally flooded their fields in order to make cropland more productive (van Schilfgaarde, 1994). From 1940 to 1989 the amount of land being irrigated around the world has increased at a rate of 2.7% per year. In 1940 there were 95 M ha in irrigation while by 1989 there were over 280 M ha (van Schilfgaarde, 1994). This large increase in land under irrigation occurred at the same time as an exponential jump in human population, and increases in both are greatest in the arid and sub-arid regions of the Earth. Our population has therefore become reliant on irrigation to fend off large scale hunger (Abrol et al., 1988). As rain falls it carries no dissolved salts. Once this water strikes the earth and travels as surface runoff or in ground water it will come into contact with and carry dissolved salts. Any water used for irrigation carries ions in solution and by depositing this water on our fields in the form of irrigation we can effect the concentration of salts in our croplands. If these salts become too concentrated it can lead to salinization. Salinization can reduce yields in it's earliest stages and eventually lead to the destruction of fertility in the soil. Currently the Earth is losing 3 ha of arable land a minute to the effects of salinization (Abrol et al., 1988). Can we stop this loss? Will we be able continue using arid lands to meet our food needs? The Secondary Salinization Process Salinization has a direct effect on both plant growth and the structure of the soil. If the soil is saline a plant will have to expend energy bringing water into it's cells because it is forced to work against osmotic potential. The cation exchange complex (CEC) effects the stability of colloid size particles in the soil. The cation's positive charge will be attracted to the negative charge found on clay particles which make up most of the colloid fraction. Di-valiant cations(Ca, Mg) will allow the colloidal particle to get close enough together that Van Dehr Wahls forces will cause the clays to flocculate, or form stable aggregates. Sodic soils, whose CEC is dominated by mono-valiant sodium cations, will tend to be dispersed and not form stable aggregates.

Meubles Canadal: Looking Towards the Future Essay

Introduction Meubles Canadel is Canada’s leading manufacturing firm in producing high quality furniture for dining purposes and was established in 1982 by three brothers in Louisville, a small town in the province of Quebec in Canada. It is a privately own company and established itself from a small to a large international operating company with still increasing sales around $125 million in 2000. Between 1987 and 1991 Canadel grew rapidly. This was due to the fact that the firm focused on demographic changes. The families’ size decreased in this time and shifted the demand from the â€Å"lunch-corner† and formal dining room segment to dining room furniture to everyday use. Canadel took advantage of this change and started to produce high quality dining furniture. With continued increasing sales, the firm expanded to the U.S market and additionally serves now the eastern part of the U.S with its products. Looking at Canadel in 2000, the firm owns 50% of the dining room market although prices are generally higher than competitor’s prices. At this point in time, the company’s sales were mostly coming from the U.S (75%), 20% from the Canadian market and five percent from Europe and Japan. Further, Canadel’s staff represented 1,550 people of which 800 are directly employed. In the following a case analysis of Canadel will be conducted. The first part represents the external environmental analysis whereas the second part focuses on the internal factors influencing the firm. Ultimately a conclusion will be drawn. External environmental analysis An external environmental analysis contains a macroeconomic and a microeconomic view on firm’s influencing factors. On the macroeconomic level one could ask a general question for example which environmental factors do affect the firm and its strategic management. It is necessary for Canadel to maintain a coherent strategy that fit in its environment in order to reinforce its distinctive competencies and establish sustainability in creating value to its stakeholders. In order to answer this question a PESTEL analysis will be conducted, where the macroeconomic view is studied. PESTEL stands for political, economic, sociocultural, technical, environmental and legal factors, which affect the firm and its strategy. Regarding political factors, the Canadian furniture industry was massively influenced after the introduction of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the United States and Canada in 1989. Trades between both countries have become easier due to the elimination of tariff s and in addition competition increased. However, Canadel was not operating internationally in this time therefore, only the increase in competition could have influenced the firm. The next factor, which influences Canadel, is the economic impact. Exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. and the Canadian dollar can affect the export to the United States, which can cause both losses and profits for Canadel. At the moment the firm has an advantage because the Canadian dollar has a strong position compared to the U.S. dollar. However, this used to be different and therefore it is important for the three Deveault brothers to take this factor into consideration in order to avoid losses. Another point is the huge unemployment rate that is mentioned. The Deveault brothers feel that they have an obligation to stay in Quebec in order to support their hometown and province, which would not be ensured if they would look for other suppliers in different regions. This decision influences the firm’s management strategy. On the one hand it could mean that Canadel does not take the opportunity to look for other suppliers in different regions who might be cheaper and therefore would enable the firm to benefit in costs savings. On the other hand it improves the relationship to its suppliers and increases loyalty on both sides, which can be more valuable than any cost saving strategy. The next external factor is the sociocultural development over time. As already mention, Canadel is a local company carrying about its employees and suppliers. This clearly influences its strategic operational decision as above discussed. Moreover, the company took advantage of the demographic changes in lifestyle and family size. It began to produce smaller exclusive tables and profited from the decrease in family size. Further, Canadel has a very unique attitude towards work, hiring policy and leisure. It is mentioned that the Deveaults try to maintain a small power distance between their employees and the management level. The company does not have a hierarchal structure and stands for an open-door policy where employees any time have the possibility to see the mangers and talk to them. Meetings held within the management level or with suppliers are classified as very informal without a secretary taking notes. These characteristics affect Canadel’s business decision like staying in the region of Quebec to conduct its business in favour of the local population. Another economic factor is the technological change in the last couple of years. It is obvious that machinery improved and facilitated the manufacturing process of wood. However, one has to remember that the company emphasises the production of unique hand made dining tables. This could lead to the conclusion that the technological improvement did simplify the manufacturing process however, not in the major way. This is solely due to the fact that the production of exclusive dining table is very labour intensive. The last two macro-economic influences environmental and legal impacts are not sufficiently addressed in the case and will be left out in this analysis. On the microeconomic level the model of Porter’s five forces will be used to detect competitive forces that affect the firm’s business decisions. First, the entry barriers are described as very low, which increases the risk of potential new competitors for Canadel. This might give reason to establish the firm as a market leader in the industry in order to threaten potential new competitors. This could be important due to some potential competition from the Asian markets. However, this does not necessarily mean loosing all of the firm’s customers if competition increases because Canadel produces a very specialised product, which cannot be easily copied. Nevertheless, it can complicate Canadel’s business strategy and force them to decrease costs in order to possibly decrease its very high prices for dining furniture. Another fact is that Canadel has a very good relationship to its suppliers and staff, which enables the firm to profit from this loyalty if competition increases. Summarising, it can be said that overall competition is low in this industry. The threat of substitutes can be described as relatively low because people who can afford to pay around $7,000 for a dining table would probably not purchase furniture at firms like IKEA. Moreover, Canadel’s products seem to be very unique and therefore hard to find anywhere else. Analysing the bargaining power of suppliers it can be said that the firm operates with many smaller suppliers in the region of Quebec. Thus, a low bargaining power is identified. Compared to that the bargaining power of customers is characterised as significantly stronger because Canadel produces very unique products, which addresses a specified branch of customers. This could lead to problems if sales decreases and might cause the company into trouble and force them to adjust for this changes. Internal environmental analysis The next part describes the internal factors which influences the firm’s operating strategy. This can be established by a SWOT analysis to detect the firm’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. One of the most important strengths Canadel can present is the large subcontractor network, which it can rely on. Long-time relationships are important for the firm, as it knows most of its stakeholders from the very beginning. Therefore, controversies and conflicts are probably less frequent and decrease the fear of shortages in resources used for the production process. Further, Canadel has a well developed retail network, which shortens its delivery time compared to its competition. A next strength is the uniqueness of its products and its high quality, which is very much appreciated by the consumers. The high price of Canadel’s products can be identified as a weakness and might decrease its potential number of customers. Maybe it might be valuable to think about an additional production line that is cheaper and hence affordable to more people. A further weakness is the just-in-time (JIT) inventory system that could easily cause shortages although the firm accounted some time lack due to human errors. That JIT inventory system can be of course also identified as a firm’s strength. Canadel’s opportunities are already recognised by the expansion in the U.S. market, which could also be extended to the western part of the U.S. The already mentioned cheaper product line could be an opportunity to attract more consumers and to increase sales or to broaden the firm’s product segment. Major threats of the company are the Asian manufactures, which are likely to produce cheaper products and therefore might capture some of Canadel’s sales. Moreover, it can be said that Canadel has a major competitive advantage in producing high quality and unique dining furniture. It has the capabilities and resources, which is supported by the geographical location. A strong value chain can be identified with a good stakeholder network and a good infrastructure. These factors facilitate the firm’s operating position by focusing on the resources, capabilities and resources of Canadel. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that Canadel managed to establish itself with a strong position in the fast growing dining room market. It has many opportunities to improve this position and expand its business by increasing its product line and thus attract more consumers. Further, it needs to pay attention to possible new competitors entering the market. Therefore, the philosophy to â€Å"grow when its time to grow† should not be taken too seriously because this might cause trouble to Canadel. It has to adjust to demographic and environmental changes. However, it should maintain its unique business culture and operation strategy. References Johnson G., Whittington R., Scholes K. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy (9th edition). Harlow UK: Pearson Education. Mark K., Hebert L., Crossan M,. (2001). Meubles Canadel: Looking towards the future. Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario.

The Forests Symbolisim in The Scarlet Letter - 998 Words

A Refuge from Prosecution: The Forest in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is a tale of constant trial and punishment. For Hester Prynne, there is no escape from the shame and belittlement she has been forced to endure within puritan society. However, like the puritans who had escaped prosecution by migrating from England to the New World, characters in The Scarlet Letter can escape the prosecution of puritan society by visiting the forest. It is a symbolic realm that embodies freedom and privacy, and the only sanctuary for those who seek liberty to express their true nature, whether it be through acts of love, or heresy. The forest as a symbol of escape from puritan society is persistent throughout the novel through its use by the†¦show more content†¦The forest is described as having ?became the playmate of the lonely infant (213) and ?put on the kindest of its moods to welcome her.? Pearl had never had any friends throughout the course of the novel and was always alienated and bullied by other children. In contrast, the fores t animals all seem to regard Pearl with indifference, if not a quiet admiration, as if she was a sprite that had been borne from nature itself. The narration goes so far as to say that a wolf ?offered his savage head to be patted by her hand.? (214) Pearl?s temperament seems to change as well, becoming more docile and showing a less hostile nature. She adorns herself with flowers, and is in ?closest sympathy with the antique wood.? (214) Through this description of Pearl, the forest takes on a sympathetic nature, and is portrayed as an environment where one can find peace with one?s surroundings and be in an environment where they feel amicability instead of antagonism. Of all the symbols in The Scarlet Letter, the forest is one of the most important. By providing an escape from the overbearing nature of puritan life, the forest allows characters to be presented in a different backdrop, it can serve as a place of both light and darkness, but above all, liberty. For every character that visits it, the forest is freedom, protection, and peace. Without it,